Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is believed to be linked to developmental dental anomalies due to their shared etiological factors and environmental influences during the process of dental development. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence and diversity of dental anomalies in children with MIH and without MIH. Methods: A pediatric dentist evaluated the panoramic radiographs of 136 Turkish children, including 68 with MIH and 68 without MIH (control group), aged 7–15 years, for dental anomalies. The presence and characteristics of dental anomalies were determined. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson chi-square test, and Binary Logistic Regression model (p < 0.05). Results: Dilaceration (16.2%) was the most frequently observed anomaly in the MIH group, while palatally displaced canine (8.8%) was the most common in the control group. However, no significant difference was found in the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies between the MIH and control groups (p > 0.05), except for infraocclusion of primary molars. Infraocclusion of primary molars was significantly higher in the control group compared to the MIH group (p = 0.036). When anomalies were categorized under specific headings, shape anomalies were significantly more common in the MIH group (76%) than in the control group (35%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Among Turkish children aged 7–15 years, dilaceration was most frequently observed in the MIH group, while no significant difference was found between the MIH and control groups. The shape anomalies were significantly higher in the MIH group. The predisposition to shape anomalies in MIH-affected teeth may pose challenges in treatment, particularly for these teeth, which frequently require pulp therapies. Therefore, a detailed evaluation of dental radiographs is crucial to ensure accurate and effective treatment management.