Does Bonding Approach Influence the Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive to Dentin of Primary Teeth?

Objective: To evaluate the effect of bonding strategy on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a new universal adhesive system to primary tooth dentin. Study design: Flat dentin surfaces from 25 primary molars were assigned to 5 groups according to the adhesive and bonding approach: Adper Single Bond 2 (two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive) and Clearfil SE Bond (two-step self-etch system), as controls; Scotchbond Universal Adhesive–self-etch, dry or wet-bonding etch-and-rinse strategies. Composite buildups were constructed and the teeth were sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm²) to be tested under tension at 1mm/min. The μTBS means were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). Failure mode was evaluated using a stereomicroscope (400×). Results: Universal adhesive applied following both dry and wet-bonding etch-and-rinse strategies showed similar bond strength compared with control adhesive systems. Self-etch approach resulted in the lowest μTBS values. For all groups, adhesive/mixed failure prevailed. The percentage of premature debonded specimens was higher when the universal adhesive was used as self-etch mode. Conclusion: The universal adhesive does not share the same versatility of being used in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch approaches; however, the use of the new adhesive following either wet or dry-bonding may be a suitable option as alternative to two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive protocol.

dentin; microtensile; etch-and-rinse; self-etch; universal simplified adhesive system

1. Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Yoshida Y, Inoue S, Vargas M, Vijay P, et al. Buonocore memorial lecture. Adhesion to enamel and dentin: current status and future challenges. Oper Dent;28(3):215-35. 2003.

2. Nakajima M, Kanemura N, Pereira PN, Tagami J, Pashley DH. Comparative microtensile bond strength and SEM analysis of bonding to wet and dry dentin. Am J Dent 13(6):324-8. 2000;.

3. Reis A, Grande RH, Oliveira GM, Lopes GC, Loguercio AD. A 2-year evaluation of moisture on microtensile bond strength and nanoleakage. Dent Mater;23(7):862-70. 2007.

4. Salz U, Bock T. Testing adhesion of direct restoratives to dental hard tissue–a review. J Adhes Dent;12(5):343-71. 2010.

5. Peumans M, Kanumilli P, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Clinical effectiveness of contemporary adhesives: a systematic review of current clinical trials. Dent Mater;21(9):864-81. 2005.

6. Ozer F, Blatz MB. Self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesive systems in clinical dentistry. Compend Contin Educ Dent;34(1):12-4, 16, 18; quiz 20, 30. 2013.

7. Hanabusa M, Mine A, Kuboki T, Momoi Y, Van Ende A, Van Meerbeek B, et al. Bonding effectiveness of a new ‘multi-mode’ adhesive to enamel and dentine. J Dent;40(6):475-84. 2012.

8. Perdigao J, Sezinando A, Monteiro PC. Laboratory bonding ability of a multi-purpose dentin adhesive. Am J Dent;25(3):153-8. 2012.

9. Munoz MA, Luque I, Hass V, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Bombarda NH. Immediate bonding properties of universal adhesives to dentine. J Dent;41(5):404-11. 2013.

10. Perdigao J, Kose C, Mena-Serrano A, De Paula E, Tay L, Reis A, et al. A New Universal Simplified Adhesive: 18-Month Clinical Evaluation. Oper Dent. 39:113-127, 2014.

11. Mena-Serrano A, Kose C, De Paula EA, Tay LY, Reis A, Loguercio AD, et al. A new universal simplified adhesive: 6-month clinical evaluation. J Esthet Restor Dent;25(1):55-69. 2013.

12. Angker L, Nockolds C, Swain MV, Kilpatrick N. Quantitative analysis of the mineral content of sound and carious primary dentine using BSE imaging. Arch Oral Biol;49(2):99-107. 2004.

13. Lenzi TL, Guglielmi Cde A, Arana-Chavez VE, Raggio DP. Tubule density and diameter in coronal dentin from primary and permanent human teeth. Microsc Microanal;19(6):1445-9. 2013.

14. Senawongse P, Harnirattisai C, Shimada Y, Tagami J. Effective bond strength of current adhesive systems on deciduous and permanent dentin. Oper Dent;29(2):196-202. 2004.

15. Uekusa S, Yamaguchi K, Miyazaki M, Tsubota K, Kurokawa H, Hosoya Y. Bonding efficacy of single-step self-etch systems to sound primary and permanent tooth dentin. Oper Dent;31(5):569-76. 2006.

16. Lenzi TL, Soares FZ, Rocha RD. Degradation of resin-dentin bonds of etch-and-rinse adhesive system to primary and permanent teeth. Braz Oral Res 2012.

17. Reis A, Loguercio AD, Azevedo CL, de Carvalho RM, da Julio Singer M, Grande RH. Moisture spectrum of demineralized dentin for adhesive systems with different solvent bases. J Adhes Dent;5(3):183-92. 2003.

18. Pashley DH, Tay FR. Aggressiveness of contemporary self-etching adhesives. Part II: etching effects on unground enamel. Dent Mater;17(5):430- 44. 2001.

19. Sanabe ME, Kantovitz KR, Costa CA, Hebling J. Effect of acid etching time on the degradation of resin-dentin bonds in primary teeth. Am J Dent;22(1):37-42. 2009.

20. Yoshida Y, Yoshihara K, Nagaoka N, Hayakawa S, Torii Y, Ogawa T, et al. Self-assembled Nano-layering at the Adhesive interface. J Dent Res;91(4):376-81. 2012.

21. De Munck J, Vargas M, Iracki J, Van Landuyt K, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, et al. One-day bonding effectiveness of new self-etch adhesives to bur-cut enamel and dentin. Oper Dent;30(1):39-49. 2005.

22. Sensi LG, Lopes GC, Monteiro S, Jr., Baratieri LN, Vieira LC. Dentin bond strength of self-etching primers/adhesives. Oper Dent;30(1):63-8. 2005.

23. Ito S, Tay FR, Hashimoto M, Yoshiyama M, Saito T, Brackett WW, et al. Effects of multiple coatings of two all-in-one adhesives on dentin bonding. J Adhes Dent;7(2):133-41. 2005.

24. Frankenberger R, Perdigao J, Rosa BT, Lopes M. “No-bottle” vs “multibottle” dentin adhesives—a microtensile bond strength and morphological study. Dent Mater;17(5):373-80. 2001.

25. Soares FZ, Rocha Rde O, Raggio DP, Sadek FT, Cardoso PE. Microtensile bond strength of different adhesive systems to primary and permanent dentin. Pediatr Dent;27(6):457-62. 2005.

26. Botelho Amaral FL, Martao Florio F, Bovi Ambrosano GM, Basting RT. Morphology and microtensile bond strength of adhesive systems to in situformed caries-affected dentin after the use of a papain-based chemomechanical gel method. Am J Dent;24(1):13-9. 2011.

27. Chibinski AC, Stanislawczuk R, Roderjan DA, Loguercio AD, Wambier DS, Grande RH, et al. Clinical versus laboratory adhesive performance to wet and dry demineralized primary dentin. Am J Dent;24(4):221-5. 2011.

28. Nor JE, Feigal RJ, Dennison JB, Edwards CA. Dentin bonding: SEM comparison of the resin-dentin interface in primary and permanent teeth. J Dent Res;75(6):1396-403. 1996.

29. Nor JE, Feigal RJ, Dennison JB, Edwards CA. Dentin bonding: SEM comparison of the dentin surface in primary and permanent teeth. Pediatr Dent;19(4):246-52. 1997.

30. Bordin-Aykroyd S, Sefton J, Davies EH. In vitro bond strengths of three current dentin adhesives to primary and permanent teeth. Dent Mater;8(2):74-8. 1992.