Article Data

  • Views 1287
  • Dowloads 269

Original Research

Open Access

Effect of Carbonated Beverages, Coffee, Sports and High Energy Drinks, and Bottled Water on the in vitro Erosion Characteristics of Dental Enamel

  • Michael Kitchens1
  • Barry M. Owens2,*,

1Private practice, Pediatric dentistry, Little Rock, Arkansas

2Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Tennessee, College of Dentistry

DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.31.3.1157l653t8206100 Vol.31,Issue 3,May 2007 pp.153-159

Published: 01 May 2007

*Corresponding Author(s): Barry M. Owens E-mail: bowens@utmem.edu

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, bottled and tap water, on the erosive potential of dental enamel with and without fluoride varnish protection. Materials and Methods: Beverages used in this study included: Coca Cola Classic, Diet Coke, Gatorade sports drink, Red Bull high-energy drink, Starbucks Frappuccino coffee drink, Dasani water (bottled), and tap water (control). Enamel surfaces were coated with Cavity Shield 5% sodium fluoride treatment varnish. Twenty-eight previously extracted human posterior teeth free of hypocalcification and caries were used in this study. The coronal portion of each tooth was removed and then sectioned transverse from the buccal to lingual surface using a diamond coated saw blade. The crown sections were embedded in acrylic resin blocks leaving the enamel surfaces exposed. The enamel surfaces were polished using 600 to 2000 grit abrasive paper and diamond paste. Test specimens were randomly distributed to seven beverage groups and comprised 4 specimens per group. Two specimens per beverage group were treated with a fluoride varnish while 2 specimens did not receive fluoride coating. Surface roughness (profilometer) readings were performed at baseline (prior to fluoride treatment and immersion in the beverage) and again, following immersion for 14 days (24 hours/day). The test beverages were changed daily and the enamel specimens were immersed at 37° C. Surface roughness data was evaluated using multiple factor ANOVA at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Results showed that Coca-Cola Classic, Gatorade and Red Bull with/without fluoride revealed the highest post-treatment surface roughness measurements. Coca-Cola Classic, Diet Coke, Gatorade, and Red Bull all showed significantly higher post treatment readings than StarBucks coffee, Dasani water, and tap water. Fluoride varnish was not a significant impact factor; however, beverage (type) and exposure time were significant impact variables.

Conclusion: Both carbonated and non-carbonated beverages displayed a significant erosive effect on dental enamel; however, fluoride varnish treatments did not demonstrate a significant protective influence on enamel surfaces.

Keywords

dental enamel, erosion, profilometer, enamel roughness, carbonated beverages, high energy drink, coffee

Cite and Share

Michael Kitchens,Barry M. Owens. Effect of Carbonated Beverages, Coffee, Sports and High Energy Drinks, and Bottled Water on the in vitro Erosion Characteristics of Dental Enamel. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2007. 31(3);153-159.

References

1. Shenkin JD, Heller KE, Warren JJ, Marshall TA. Soft drink consump-tion and caries risk in children and adolescents. Gen Dent 51:30-36, 2003.

2. National Soft Drink Association. www.NSDA.org/softdrinks/CSD Health/index.html. assessed Feb. 2004.

3. Harrack L, Stay J, Story M. Soft drink consumption among U.S. chil-dren and adolescents: Nutritional consequences. J Am Diet Assoc

99:436-441, 1999.

4. Jacobsen MF. Liquid candy – How soft drinks are harming Americans’ health. www.cspinet.org/sodapop/liquid_candy.html. assessed Sept. 2002.

5. Putnam JJ, Allshouse JE. Food consumption, prices, and expenditures: 1970- 1995. Washington DC: Food and consumer economics division, economic research service, U.S. Departtment of Agriculture Aug: Statistical Bull No. 939, 1997.

6. Coombes JS. Sports drinks and dental erosion. Am J Dent 18:101-104, 2005.

7. von Fraunhofer JA, Rogers MW. Dissolution of dental enamel in soft drinks. Gen Dent 29(4):308-312, 2004

8. Imfeld T. Dental erosion. Definition, classification and links. Eur J Oral Sci 104:151-155, 1996.

9. Lussi A, Jaggi T, Scharer S. The influence of different factors on the in vitro enamel erosion. Caries Res 27:387-393, 1993.

10. Cate JM, Imfeld T. Dental erosion, summery. Eur J Oral Sci 104:241-244, 1996.

11. Moazzez R, Smith BG, Bartlet DW. Oral pH and drinking habit during ingestion of a carbonated drink in a group of adolescents with dental ero-sion. J Dent 28:395-397, 2000.

12. Johansson AK, Johansson A, Birkhed D, Omar R, Baghdadi S, Carlsson GE. Dental erosion, soft-drink intake and oral health in young Saudi men and the development of a system for assessing erosive anterior tooth wear. Acta Odont Scand 54:369-378, 1996.

13. Larsen MJ, Nyvad B. Enamel erosion by some soft drinks and orange juices relative to their pH, buffering effects, and contents of calcium phosphate. Caries Res 33:81-87, 1999.

14. Ireland AJ, McGuinness N, Sherrif M. An investigation into the ability of soft drinks to adhere to enamel. Caries Res 29:470-476, 1995.

15. West NX, Hughes JA, Addy M. Erosion of dentin and enamel in vitro by dietary acids: The effect of temperature, acid character, concentration and exposure time. J Oral Rehabil 27:875-880, 2000.

16. Davani R, Walker J, Qian F, Wefel JS. Measurement of viscosity, pH, and titratable acidity of sports drinks. J Dent Res 82: (special

Issue):Abstract No. 326, 2003.

17. Bartlett DW, Coward PY, Nikkah C, Wilson RF. The prevalence of tooth wear in a cluster sample of adolescent schoolchildren and its relationship with potential explanatory factors. Br Dent J 184:125-129, 1998.

18. Millward A, Shaw L, Smith AJ, Rippin JW, Harrington E. The distribu-tion and severity of tooth wear and the relationship between erosion and dietary constituents in a group of children. Int J Paediatr Dent 4:151-157, 1994.

19. Millward A, Shaw L, Harrington E, Smith AJ. Continuous monitoring of salivary flow rate and pH at the surface of the dentition following con sumption of acidic beverages. Caries Res 31:44-49, 1997.

20. Castillo, Milgrom, Kharasch, Izutsu, Fev. Evaluation of fluoride release from commercially available fluoride varnishes. JADA 132:1389-1391, 2001.

21. The Fluoride Varnish Advantage. RDH April, 2001.

22. Hughes JA, West NX, Addy. The protective effect of fluoride treatments against enamel erosion in vitro. J Oral Rehabil 31:357-363, 2004.

23. Tahmassebi JF, Duggal MS, Malik-Kotru G, Curzon MEJ. Soft drinks and dental health: A review of the current literature. J Dent 34(1):2-11, 2006.

24. Edwards M, Creanor SL, Foye RH, Gilmour WH. Buffering capacities of soft drinks: the potential influence on dental erosion. J Oral Rehabil 26:923-927, 1999.

25. Duggal MS, Curzon ME. An evaluation of the cariogenic potential of baby and infant drinks. Brit Dent J 166:327-330, 1989.

26. Imfeld T. Evaluation of the cariogenicity of confectionary by intraoral wire telemetry. Helvetica Odont Acta 21:1-28, 1977.

27. Zero DT. Etiology of dental erosion- extrinsic factors. European J Oral Sci 104:162-177, 1996.

28. Wongkhantee S, Patanapiradej V, Maneenut C, Tantbirojn D. Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-colored filling materials. J Dent 34:214-220, 2006.

29. von Fraunhofer J, Barnes A, Barnes D. Enamel Dissolution in citric acid-containing beverages. J Dent Res (Abstract), 2006.

30. Clayden, Greeves, Warren, Wothers. Organic Chemistry. Oxford University Press (2001).

31. Amaechi BT, Higham SM, Edgar WM. Factors influencing the develop-ment of dental erosion in vitro: enamel type, temperature and exposure time. J Oral Rehabil 26:624-630, 1999.

32. Barbour ME, Parker DM, Allen GC, Jandt KD. Human enamel erosion in constant composition citric acid solutions as a function of degree of saturation with respect to hydroxyapatite. J Oral Rehabil 32(1):16-21, 2005.


Abstracted / indexed in

Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch) Created as SCI in 1964, Science Citation Index Expanded now indexes over 9,500 of the world’s most impactful journals across 178 scientific disciplines. More than 53 million records and 1.18 billion cited references date back from 1900 to present.

Biological Abstracts Easily discover critical journal coverage of the life sciences with Biological Abstracts, produced by the Web of Science Group, with topics ranging from botany to microbiology to pharmacology. Including BIOSIS indexing and MeSH terms, specialized indexing in Biological Abstracts helps you to discover more accurate, context-sensitive results.

Google Scholar Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.

JournalSeek Genamics JournalSeek is the largest completely categorized database of freely available journal information available on the internet. The database presently contains 39226 titles. Journal information includes the description (aims and scope), journal abbreviation, journal homepage link, subject category and ISSN.

Current Contents - Clinical Medicine Current Contents - Clinical Medicine provides easy access to complete tables of contents, abstracts, bibliographic information and all other significant items in recently published issues from over 1,000 leading journals in clinical medicine.

BIOSIS Previews BIOSIS Previews is an English-language, bibliographic database service, with abstracts and citation indexing. It is part of Clarivate Analytics Web of Science suite. BIOSIS Previews indexes data from 1926 to the present.

Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition aims to evaluate a journal’s value from multiple perspectives including the journal impact factor, descriptive data about a journal’s open access content as well as contributing authors, and provide readers a transparent and publisher-neutral data & statistics information about the journal.

Scopus: CiteScore 1.8 (2023) Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794 active titles and 13,583 Inactive titles) from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences.

Submission Turnaround Time

Conferences

Top