Article Data

  • Views 711
  • Dowloads 163

Original Research

Open Access

Prevalence and severity of dental caries using ICDAS in predicting treatment needs in Mexican school-age children

  • Arturo Emiliano Carrillo Ortiz1
  • Cesar Abraham Olvera Fuentes1
  • Alvaro García Pérez2,*,
  • Jacqueline Adelina Rodríguez Chávez3
  • Teresa Villanueva Gutiérrez4
  • Hugo Marcelo Flores Ruíz5
  • Karen Angelina Mora Navarrete2

1Pediatric Stomatology Specialties, Faculty of Higher Studies (FES) Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 53000 Naucalpan, Mex, Mexico

2Laboratory of Public Health Research, Faculty of Higher Studies (FES) Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 54090 Tlalnepantla, Mex, Mexico

3Department of Comprehensive Dental Clinics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico

4Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, 04960 Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico

5Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guadalajara, CUValles Campus, 46600 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico

DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.134 Vol.48,Issue 6,November 2024 pp.144-151

Submitted: 22 May 2024 Accepted: 18 July 2024

Published: 03 November 2024

*Corresponding Author(s): Alvaro García Pérez E-mail: alvaro.garcia@unam.mx

Abstract

Evaluate the prevalence and severity of caries in permanent teeth and their association with the treatment needs of 8–12-year-old Mexican schoolchildren. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 1139 8–12-year-old schoolchildren attending two public primary schools in State of Mexico. The study used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) to examine the prevalence of caries and identify treatment needs in schoolchildren. Other variables considered were age, gender, oral hygiene, dental visits ≤6 months, toothbrushing frequency, and the mother’s years of education. A logistic regression model was used to identify the association between independent variables and treatment needs. In all analyses, two-tailed p values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The prevalence of caries lesions was 82.1% (82.2%boys vs. 81.9% girls) considering all lesion categories (ICDAS 1–6), while the distribution of the severity of caries was 17.9% (ICDAS 0), 13.9% (ICDAS 1–2), 28.3%(ICDAS 3–4) and 39.9% (ICDAS 5–6). The treatment needs index was 77.3%. The logistic regression model showed that the schoolchildren with moderate (ICDAS 3–4) and extensive carious (ICDAS 5–6) lesions were, respectively, 61% Odds Ratio ((OR) = 1.61; p = 0.036) and 77% (OR = 1.77; p = 0.013) more likely to present treatment needs. Other variables, such as poor oral hygiene (OR = 1.52; p = 0.009), the mother’s low level of education (OR = 1.53; p = 0.007), and a lack of dental visits (OR = 1.42; p = 0.030) were associated with dental treatment needs. The results obtained show that the 8–12-year-old Mexican schoolchildren presented a high level of treatment needs for moderate and extensive carious lesions (ICDAS 3–6). These findings reiterate the importance of implementing oral health prevention, promotion, and intervention programs to help protect the oral health of school-age children.


Keywords

Dental caries; Treatment needs; Oral health; Schoolchildren; Oral health literacy


Cite and Share

Arturo Emiliano Carrillo Ortiz,Cesar Abraham Olvera Fuentes,Alvaro García Pérez,Jacqueline Adelina Rodríguez Chávez,Teresa Villanueva Gutiérrez,Hugo Marcelo Flores Ruíz,Karen Angelina Mora Navarrete. Prevalence and severity of dental caries using ICDAS in predicting treatment needs in Mexican school-age children. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2024. 48(6);144-151.

References

[1] Peres MA, Macpherson LMD, Weyant RJ, Daly B, Venturelli R, Mathur MR, et al. Oral diseases: a global public health challenge. The Lancet. 2019; 394: 249–260.

[2] Wen PYF, Chen MX, Zhong YJ, Dong QQ, Wong HM. Global burden and inequality of dental caries, 1990 to 2019. Journal of Dental Research. 2022; 101: 392–399.

[3] Lara-Capi C, Cagetti MG, Cocco F, Lingström P, García-Godoy F, Campus G. Effect of body weight and behavioural factors on caries severity in Mexican rural and urban adolescents. International Dental Journal. 2018; 68: 190–196.

[4] Giacaman RA, Bustos IP, Bazán P, Mariño RJ. Oral health disparities among adolescents from urban and rural communities of central Chile. Rural and Remote Health. 2018; 18: 4312.

[5] Aamodt K, Reyna-Blanco O, Sosa R, Hsieh R, De la Garza Ramos M, Garcia Martinez M, et al. Prevalence of caries and malocclusion in an indigenous population in Chiapas, Mexico. International Dental Journal. 2015; 65: 249–255.

[6] Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. The Lancet. 2007; 369: 51–59.

[7] García-Pérez Á, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Borges-Yáñez SA, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, Bolona-Gallardo I, Maupomé G. Impact of caries and dental fluorosis on oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren receiving water naturally fluoridated at above-optimal levels. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2017; 21: 2771–2780.

[8] Singh S, Talmale P. Impact of dental caries and nutritional status on oral health related quality of life in young Indian adolescents. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research. 2023; 13: 506–510.

[9] Ditmyer M, Dounis G, Mobley C, Schwarz E. Inequalities of caries experience in Nevada youth expressed by DMFT index vs. Significant Caries Index (SiC) over time. BMC Oral Health. 2011; 11: 12.

[10] Piovesan C, Tomazoni F, Del Fabro J, Buzzati BC, Mendes FM, Antunes JL, et al. Inequality in dental caries distribution at noncavitated and cavitated thresholds in preschool children. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 2014; 74: 120–126.

[11] Ismail AI, Sohn W, Tellez M, Amaya A, Sen A, Hasson H, et al. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2007; 35: 170–178.

[12] Martignon S, Pitts NB, Goffin G, Mazevet M, Douglas GVA, Newton JT, et al. CariesCare practice guide: consensus on evidence into practice. British Dental Journal. 2019; 227: 353–362.

[13] Lara JS, Romano A, Murisi PU, Tedesco TK, Mendes FM, Soto-Rojas AE, et al. Impact of early childhood caries severity on oral health-related quality of life among preschool children in Mexico: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2022; 32: 334–343.

[14] García Pérez A, González-Aragón Pineda AE, Rosales Ibáñez R, Rodríguez Chávez JA, Cuevas-González JC, Pérez Pérez NG, et al. Association between sociodemographic factors and noncavitated and cavitated caries lesions in 8- to 12-year-old Mexican schoolchildren. Medicine. 2021; 100: e26435.

[15] Medina-Solís CE, Ávila-Burgos L, Borges-Yañez SA, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Sánchez-Pérez L, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, et al. Ecological study on needs and cost of treatment for dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6, 12, and 15 years: data from a national survey in Mexico. Medicine. 1010; 99: e19092.

[16] Wright J, Williams R, Wilkinson JR. Health needs assessment. Development and importance of health needs assessment. The BMJ 1998; 316: 1310–1313.

[17] Prabakar J, John J, Srisakthi D. Prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs among school going children of Chandigarh. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2016; 27: 547–552.

[18] Al-Thani MH, Al-Thani AA, Al-Emadi AA, Al-Chetachi WF, Akram H, Poovelil BV. Oral health status of six-year-old children in Qatar: findings from the national oral health survey. International Journal of Dental Hygiene. 2018; 16: 225–232.

[19] Herrera MS, Medina-Solís CE, Ávila-Burgos L, Robles-Bermeo NL, Lara-Carrillo E, Lucas-Rincón SE, et al. Treatment needs for dental caries and restorative care index on the permanent dentition of Nicaraguan children. The West Indian Medical Journal. 2017; 66: 159–164.

[20] Lucas-Rincón SE, Lara-Carrillo E, Robles-Bermeo NL, Rueda-Ibarra V, Alonso-Sánchez CC, Vázquez-Rodríguez SB, et al. Experience, prevalence, need for treatment and cost of care for caries: a multicenter study in a developing country. Community Dental Health. 2022; 39: 86–91.

[21] Orellana-Centeno JE, Guerrero SRN, Ramírez GJ, Juárez AEG. The democratization of dental health services. Revista Asociación Dental Mexicana. 2023; 80: 115–117. (In Spanish)

[22] Moreno-Barrera A, Morales-Ruiz P, Ribas Pérez D, Flores-Fraile J, Castaño-Seiquer A. Analysis and evaluation of dental caries in a Mexican population: a descriptive transversal study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20: 3873.

[23] Secretaria DB. Annual report on the situation of poverty and social backwardness. 2024. Available at: https://www.gob.mx/bienestar/documentos/informe-anual-sobre-la-situacion-de-pobreza-y-rezago-social (Accessed: 09 June 2024).

[24] World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 5th edn. World Health Organization: Geneva. 2013.

[25] Dhand NK, Khatkar MS. Sample size calculator for comparing two independent proportions. 2014. Available at: http://statulator.com/SampleSize/ss2P.html (Accessed: 26 March 2024).

[26] Bani IA. Health needs assessment. Journal of Family & Community Medicine. 2008; 15: 13–20.

[27] Hiremath A, Murugaboopathy V, Ankola AV, Hebbal M, Mohandoss S, Pastay P. Prevalence of dental caries among primary school children of India—a cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016; 10: ZC47–ZC50.

[28] Jiménez-Malagóna MC, Fangb L, Diaz-Caballero A. Oral epidemiological profile and need for dental treatment of HIV/AIDS patients. Revista Clínica de Medicina de Familia. 2012; 5: 97–103. (In Spanish)

[29] Pérez-Cuevas, Muñoz-Hernández O. Importance of public health aimed at children and adolescents in Mexico. Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México. 2014; 71: 126–133. (In Spanish)

[30] Arangannal P, Mahadev SK, Jayaprakash J. Prevalence of dental caries among school children in Chennai, based on ICDAS II. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016; 10: ZC09–ZC12.

[31] Armas-Vega A, Parise-Vasco JM, Díaz-Segovia MC, Arroyo-Bonilla DA, Cabrera-Dávila MJ, Zambrano-Bonilla MC, et al. Prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren from the Galapagos Islands: ESSO-Gal Cohort Report. International Journal of Dentistry. 2023; 2023: 6544949.

[32] Borges BC, de Souza Borges J, de Araujo LS, Machado CT, Dos Santos AJ, de Assunçao Pinheiro IV. Update on nonsurgical, ultraconservative approaches to treat effectively non-cavitated caries lesions in permanent teeth. European Journal of Dentistry. 2011; 5: 229–236.

[33] Macnab AJ. Children’s oral health: the opportunity for improvement using the who health promoting school model. Advances in Public Health. 2015; 2015: 651836.

[34] Khawaja Khail AA, Ronis K, Mureed S. Dental caries and oral hygiene status among primary school children in Quetta, Pakistan: a quantitative approach. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2023; 73: 143–146.

[35] Glenny AM, Walsh T, Iwasaki M, Kateeb E, Braga MM, Riley P, et al. Development of tooth brushing recommendations through professional consensus. International Dental Journal. 2024; 74: 526–535.

[36] Hoque KE, Hoque KF, A/P Thanabalan R. Relationships between parents’ academic backgrounds and incomes and building students’ healthy eating habits. PeerJ. 2018; 6: e4563.

[37] Borgonovi F, Pokropek A. Education and self-reported health: evidence from 23 countries on the role of years of schooling, cognitive skills and social capital. PLOS ONE. 2016; 11: e0149716.

[38] Mensch BS, Chuang EK, Melnikas AJ, Psaki SR. Evidence for causal links between education and maternal and child health: systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2019; 24: 504–522.

[39] Lawrence EM, Rogers RG, Hummer RA. Maternal educational attainment and child health in the United States. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2020; 34: 303–306.

[40] Arpino B, Gumà J, Julià A. Early-life conditions and health at older ages: the mediating role of educational attainment, family and employment trajectories. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13: e0195320.


Abstracted / indexed in

Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch) Created as SCI in 1964, Science Citation Index Expanded now indexes over 9,500 of the world’s most impactful journals across 178 scientific disciplines. More than 53 million records and 1.18 billion cited references date back from 1900 to present.

Biological Abstracts Easily discover critical journal coverage of the life sciences with Biological Abstracts, produced by the Web of Science Group, with topics ranging from botany to microbiology to pharmacology. Including BIOSIS indexing and MeSH terms, specialized indexing in Biological Abstracts helps you to discover more accurate, context-sensitive results.

Google Scholar Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.

JournalSeek Genamics JournalSeek is the largest completely categorized database of freely available journal information available on the internet. The database presently contains 39226 titles. Journal information includes the description (aims and scope), journal abbreviation, journal homepage link, subject category and ISSN.

Current Contents - Clinical Medicine Current Contents - Clinical Medicine provides easy access to complete tables of contents, abstracts, bibliographic information and all other significant items in recently published issues from over 1,000 leading journals in clinical medicine.

BIOSIS Previews BIOSIS Previews is an English-language, bibliographic database service, with abstracts and citation indexing. It is part of Clarivate Analytics Web of Science suite. BIOSIS Previews indexes data from 1926 to the present.

Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition aims to evaluate a journal’s value from multiple perspectives including the journal impact factor, descriptive data about a journal’s open access content as well as contributing authors, and provide readers a transparent and publisher-neutral data & statistics information about the journal.

Scopus: CiteScore 1.8 (2023) Scopus is Elsevier's abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794 active titles and 13,583 Inactive titles) from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences.

Submission Turnaround Time

Conferences

Top