Maternal depression increases the risk of early childhood caries (ECC): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Maternal depressive symptoms may negatively affect children’s oral health (COH). This study aimed to systematically review the literature to investigate whether maternal depression is associated with early childhood dental caries. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from the earliest available date to June 1, 2024, to identify relevant studies on maternal depression and early childhood caries (ECC) status. After literature screening, data were independently extracted and summarized via random effects or fixed effects models, depending on the magnitude of heterogeneity. The GRADE methodology was used to rate the certainty of the evidence. Results: A total of 7 studies (22,764 patients) were included. The results of the random effects model revealed that maternal depressive symptoms could significantly lead to early childhood caries (OR (odds ratio), 1.40; 95% CI (Confidence interval), 1.09–1.80; I2 = 71.9%). Conclusions: Considering our findings, the need for better mental health education for parents must be emphasized. The PROSPERO Registration: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA and the protocol was registered at PROSPERO under the identification: CRD42024556728.

Maternal; Depression; Early childhood caries (ECC) status; Systematic review; Meta-analysis

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