Analysis of the timing and sequence of permanent tooth crown emergence above the alveolar crest in the Korean population

Background: The timing and sequence of permanent tooth eruptions may vary by ethnicity. This study aimed to determine the timing and sequence of permanent tooth crown emergence above the alveolar crest in healthy Korean children and adolescents using recent panoramic radiographs. Methods: A total of 8076 panoramic radiographs from Korean children and adolescents aged 4–14 years were initially reviewed, and 1470 radiographs from 1430 healthy patients (775 males and 655 females) were ultimately selected for inclusion. The emergence of permanent teeth in the radiographs was assessed based on the cemento-enamel junction line of the preceding primary tooth or adjacent tooth. Age, sex and Demirjian developmental stage at tooth emergence were evaluated. Comparisons were made between sexes and between teeth with and without previous pulp treatments of primary antecedents. The sequence of tooth emergence was also investigated. Results: The mandibular central incisor was the first to erupt at an average age of 6.02 years. Maxillary teeth erupted later than their mandibular counterparts, except for the premolars. Females experienced tooth emergence earlier than males. Pulp treatment of primary molars was associated with accelerated emergence of permanent successors. All teeth, except for the maxillary second molar, showed emergence at Demirjian stage F. The sequence of tooth emergence was slightly different between arches. Conclusions: This study presents updated data on permanent tooth emergence in Korean children and adolescents. These findings underscore the need for population-specific eruption references in pediatric dental practice.

Tooth emergence; Child; Adolescent; Timing; Sequence; Alveolar crest

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