AI integration in pediatric dentistry: perspectives from Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Pakistan

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into dentistry holds immense potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient outcomes, particularly in pediatric care. Despite its promise, the adoption of AI in routine dental practice remains slow, with challenges such as ethical concerns, lack of training, and high costs hindering progress. This study explores the awareness, attitudes, and current adoption of AI in pediatric prosthodontics and oral medicine among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia (SA), Malaysia (MY), and Pakistan (PK), aiming to identify barriers and opportunities for AI integration in child-focused dental care. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 655 pediatric dentists (SA: 231, MY: 181, PK: 243) using a structured online questionnaire. The survey assessed demographics, knowledge of AI applications, attitudes toward AI integration, current clinical practices, and perceived barriers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to evaluate regional differences and predictors of AI adoption. Results: Awareness of AI applications was highest in MY (95.6%), followed by PK (85.6%) and SA (78.8%). While most respondents viewed AI positively—believing it could improve treatment outcomes (92.6–97.1%)—actual usage was low (SA: 16.5%, MY: 37.6%, PK: 9.9%). Key barriers included cost, lack of training, and resistance to change. Logistic regression revealed significant regional disparities, with MY showing higher adoption rates than SA and PK (ρ < 0.001). Despite enthusiasm, over 90% of dentists emphasized the need for human oversight in AI-based diagnoses. Conclusions: Pediatric dentists acknowledge the potential of AI; however, its practical implementation is hindered by systemic and regional challenges. It is crucial to implement targeted interventions, including the development of affordable AI tools, the establishment of specialised training programs, and the formulation of ethical guidelines. Collaborative efforts involving policymakers, educators, and practitioners can facilitate the responsible integration of AI, enhancing precision and patient care.

Artificial intelligence; Pediatric dentistry; Dental prosthodontics; Healthcare technology adoption; Barriers to AI integration

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